In high-end manufacturing, aerospace, and electronic equipment fields, the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of precision parts directly determine the performance of end products. Precision CNC machining, as the core technology for machining precision parts, leverages digital control and precise execution capabilities, and through standardized and modular process combinations, supports the stable mass production of precision parts. Its process selection and execution quality directly affect the accuracy compliance rate, structural integrity, and reliability of precision parts. The following will break down the core processes of precision CNC machining and their practical impact.

CNC Turning Process: The Cornerstone of Precision for Shaft Parts
CNC turning is a widely used fundamental process in precision CNC machining, primarily for machining rotating precision parts such as shafts and sleeves. It uses digital programs to control the relative movement of the lathe spindle and cutting tool to perform machining on the workpiece, including external diameters, internal holes, threads, and tapered surfaces.

The core impact of this process on precision parts machining is reflected in two aspects. First, dimensional accuracy control: the pulse equivalent of the CNC system can reach the micrometer level, accurately ensuring the tolerances of key dimensions such as diameter, length, and roundness of parts, avoiding the accumulation of errors from manual operation. Secondly, surface roughness optimization: By selecting the right tool material and adjusting cutting parameters, the surface roughness of parts can be controlled to a low range, reducing subsequent grinding processes and improving the assembly compatibility and motion stability of shaft parts.

CNC Milling Process: The Core of Complex Structure Forming
CNC milling is suitable for machining precision parts with planes, grooves, curved surfaces, and complex cavities. Relying on a multi-axis linkage (3-axis, 4-axis, 5-axis) control system, it achieves precise cutting motion of the tool in three-dimensional space.

Its impact on precision part machining is concentrated on the coordination of structural forming and precision. On the one hand, it can accurately machine complex geometries, meeting the irregular structural requirements of precision parts, such as cavities in mechanical components and mounting slots in electronic components. On the other hand, multi-axis linkage technology reduces the number of part clamping operations, avoids errors caused by multiple positioning, and ensures the positional accuracy (such as parallelism and perpendicularity) of each machined surface of the part, making it particularly suitable for high-precision molds, aerospace parts, and other products with high requirements for structural correlation.

CNC Grinding: The Final Guarantee for Ultra-Precision Machining

CNC grinding is a crucial "precision upgrade" stage in precision parts machining. It uses a high-speed rotating grinding wheel to perform micro-cuts on the workpiece surface, commonly used for finishing after turning and milling, or for direct machining of ultra-precision parts.

The core value of this process lies in improving the ultimate precision and surface quality of parts. Firstly, it can control dimensional tolerances within the range of 0.01-0.05mm, meeting the stringent requirements of ultra-precision parts, such as core components of instruments and the raceways of precision bearings. Secondly, it can eliminate machining marks left by previous processes, forming a smooth, uniform surface, reducing wear and friction loss during use, and extending the service life of precision parts.

Drilling and Tapping: Precise Support for Assembly Connections

Drilling and tapping are key auxiliary processes in precision parts machining to achieve assembly functions. Through CNC systems controlling the feed rate and speed of drills and taps, precise holes and threads are machined on the parts.

Its impact on precision parts machining is reflected in assembly compatibility. Drilling ensures the positional accuracy and diameter tolerance of holes, preventing assembly jamming caused by hole position deviations. Tapping, through precise thread machining, ensures a tight fit between parts and connectors, preventing loosening, and is particularly suitable for electronic equipment, precision instruments, and other parts requiring high-frequency disassembly or load-bearing.

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM): A Breakthrough in Machining Special Materials
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a specialized machining process for precision parts made of high-hardness, high-toughness materials (such as cemented carbide and mold steel). It utilizes pulsed discharge between electrodes and the workpiece to generate high temperatures, eroding the material to form the desired shape.

The unique value of this process lies in solving the machining challenges of special materials without damaging the component's base properties. Because there is no mechanical cutting force during machining, deformation and cracking of hard and brittle materials are avoided. It is suitable for scenarios such as cavity machining of precision molds and complex hole machining of aerospace parts, providing more possibilities for material adaptability in precision part machining.

Process Synergy: The Key to Quality in Precision Part Machining
The final effect of precision part machining is not the independent effect of a single process, but rather the synergistic cooperation of multiple processes. The combination of CNC turning and milling enables the comprehensive machining of complex rotating parts. Grinding reinforces the precision of critical surfaces, while drilling and tapping ensure assembly functionality. The matching of parameters (such as cutting speed and feed rate) and the seamless integration of processes directly determine the overall quality of the part.

A reasonable process selection must consider the material, structure, precision requirements, and application scenarios of the precision parts. Through digital simulation and process optimization, machining efficiency can be improved and costs reduced while maintaining precision. With the upgrading of CNC technology, the automation and intelligence levels of processes are continuously improving, further driving the machining of precision parts towards higher precision, more complex structures, and more stable mass production.